Unit 4 Global warming

       一、重要单词用法例析

       1．climate n. 气候

       a tropical climate 热带气候

       注：climate指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等；weather 天气，指特定一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。

       2．state vt. 陈述；说明

       The official stated her opinion. 那官员陈述了她的观点。

       3．glance vi. & n. 看一下；扫视

       His father glanced at his watch and then left. 他爸看了一下手表，然后就出发了。

       4．decrease vi. & vt. 减少

       The manager decreased the workers in the factory. 经理减少了工厂的工人。

       5．average adj. 平均的；普通的

       Why did you marry such a average man? 你怎么嫁给这么普通的男人？

       They don’t reach the average income in that city. 他们没达到该城市的平均收入。

       6．electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的

       He is an electrical engineer. 他是一位电气工程师。

       注：electrical电的（与电有关的）；electric电的，电动的（指使用或产生电力的）如：

       The child wanted to buy an electric guitar. 那小孩想买一个电吉他。

       二、词组句型用法例析

       1．compared to / with… 和…比起来

       compared…with… 把…和…作比较

       compared…to…把…比喻成…

       Compare the ox with the hill, you will find the ox small. 把牛和那山相比，你会觉得那牛很小。

       The writer compared her to a branch. 作家把她比喻成一根树枝。

       2．come about发生；造成

       Nobody knew how the accident came about. 没有人知道这事故是如何发生的。

       3．quantities of 大量的

       Quantities of flour / apples are given to the schools in the west. 大量的面粉/书被送到西部的学校。

       注：quantities of后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，做主语时，都作复数用；a quantity of后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，做主语时，都作单数用。如：

       A quantity of advice / books is given to the orphans. 许多忠告和书籍被送给孤儿们。

       4．result in 导致，造成

       His carelessness resulted in the accident. 他的粗心大意造成了这事故。

       注：result from由…造成；因…而产生。如：

       The accident resulted from his carelessness. 这事故是由他的粗心大意造成的。

       5．on the whole 大体上；基本上

       On the whole, we agreed to the plan. 我们基本上都赞同该计划。

       6．make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 有关系；有影响

       The flood didn’t make much difference to the crops. 这场洪水对庄稼没多大影响。

       7．put up with 忍受；容忍

       I have to put up with the punishment because of my fault.

       8．so long as 只要

       You can have a rest in the room so long as you keep it clean. 只要你能保持清洁，你可以在这房间里休息。

       注：so long as = as long as，引导条件从句，从句中有用将来时。

       9. There’s no doubt that… 毫无疑问…

       There’s no doubt that you can go to college if you study hard.

       毫无疑问，如果你努力学习，一定能考上大学。

       注：类似doubt这一用法的还有：There’s no doubt / need / possibility that…。

       真题：Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found. (广东) 

       A. which     B. that     C. what     D. whether

       解析：选B。这是考查句型There’s no doubt / need / possibility that … 的用法。

       三、课文长句难句剖析

       1．It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.

       剖析：这是一个强调句，被强调的是主语a scientist，called Charles Keeling作为后置定语修饰a scientist。

       译文：有一位名叫查乐斯·奎林的科学家曾经把1957—1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。

       2．He found that, between these years, the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts per million to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2).

       剖析：that the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts per million to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2)是一个宾语从句，作为found的宾语，between these years作为插入语。

       译文：他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从百万分之约315上升到百万分之约370（见表二）。

       四、语法知识归纳

       5．用it起始的其他句型

       1）It +be + 一时间点+ when…

       It was Christmas Eve when I got the news of his being killed in a car crash.

       2）It +be+一段时间+ since…

       It is / has been three week since I last heard from him.

       3）It is time to do/ that…(谓语用过去时态）

       It is time for us to give the house a thorough cleaning.

       It is time that we gave the house a thorough cleaning

       4) It + be + the first / second time that…(谓语用完成时）

       It is the first time in history that two Nobel Prizes have been awarded to the same person.

       5）It takes sb. some time to do…

       It took Mary 20 minutes to choose a suitable dress for the party.

       6．it用于强调句：It+ is / was + 强调部分+who (whom) / that + 其他

       It was Tom who / that saw your sister in Tokyo last week.

       It was your sister whom/that Tom saw in Tokyo last week.

       有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构：

       It wasn’t until last summer that I heard from her.

       It wasn’t for myself that I did all this.

       问句也可变成这种结构：

       Who was it that called him “comrade”?

       How was it that you forgot to lock the door?