Unit 1 Art

       一、重点单词用法例析

       1．belief  n. 相信，信任，信心

       It is my belief that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。

       My belief is that they will agree on the price. 我相信他们会就价格达成共识。

       辨析：(1)believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话是真的）；believe in sb 信任某人。(2)believe相信，认为（指某人自己内心相信）；convince使相信，使信服（指外界事实使某人信服）

       2．value n. & vt. 价值，值……钱

       The dictionary is of great value to the students in their studies. 这字典对同学们的学习是有价值的。

       The house is valued at $1,000. 该房子值￥1,000。

       注：value的形容词为valuable。

       真题：You’ll find this map of great ______ in helping you to get round London. (全国)

       A. price      B. cost     C. value     D. usefulness

       解析：选C。句意为：这张地图在帮助你游览伦敦方面很有价值。price价格；cost费用；usefulness有用。

       3. convince vt. 使（某人）信服

       What he said convinced us. 他所说的令我们信服。

       He convinced me of his innocence(无罪). 他令我信服他是无罪的。

       I was convinced that he knew the truth. 我相信他知道真相。

       搭配：convince sb. of sth. 让某人信服某事；sb. be convinced that…某人信服

       4．attempt vt. 尝试, 试图

       He attempted the examination but failed. 他尝试了考试，但没通过。

       I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 我试图要说话，但被告知别出声。

       I attempted walking until I fell over. 我试图走，直到摔倒。

       辨析：attempt比try正式，常指作一次而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试是达不到目的的。try暗示为做成某事而花费一定代价，做出一定的努力，以期达到目的。

       5．shadow n. 阴影，影子

       Your shadow is longer than you are in the evening. 在黄昏下，你的身影比你本人要长。

       注：shadow指因挡住强光而形成的黑影, 为可数名词。shade指任何遮住阳光的地方, 为不可数名词。如：Let’s have a rest in the shade of a tree. 让我们在树荫下休息一会儿吧。

       6．aim vt. & vi. & n.  瞄准，对准，目标，目的

       The police aimed at the thief. 警察瞄准了小偷。

       The soldier aimed his rifle at the enemy. 士兵把枪对准了敌人。

       We tried our best to achieve our aim.  我们设法达到目的。

       7．predict vt. 预言，预测

       He predicted that a war would break out. 他预言会发生战争。

       The farmer predicted a heavy rain. 那农民预言会下大大雨。

       二、词组句型用法例析

       1．a bunch of 一串, 一束(花等)

       He often sends a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend. 他常送一束花给他的女朋友。

       2．scores of 许多，好几十(+复数可数名词)

       There are scores of books on the box. 箱内有许多书籍。

       注：score在数词后时不用复数, 但多与of连用。如：three score of eggs三打鸡蛋。

       3．a great deal/a good deal大量

       He ate a great deal for supper yesterday. 昨天他吃了许多作为晚饭。

       He ran a great deal faster than I. 他比我跑得快得多。

       注：该短语用作名词或副词；但a great deal of为形容词, 后接不可数名词。

       A great deal of money was spent on the project. 大量的钱被花费在这项目上。

       4. take the place of 取代, 代替

       The factory is going to use a new kind of material to take the place of the iron. 这工厂将用一种新型材料取代铁。

       注：(1) take the place of = take one’s place 代替；(2) take place 发生，举行。

       The sports meeting will take place on Sunday. 周日将举行运动会。

       5．focus on 聚焦于, 使……成为兴趣的焦点

       All the eyes were focused on him. 所有的眼神都聚焦于他身上。

       If you focused more on your study, I believe you could make great progress. 如果你更专注学习，我相信你能取得大的进步。

       He focused the camera on her. 他把相机焦距对准她。

       6．in the flesh 现实生活中，本人

       The lady is more beautiful in the photo than in the flesh. 相片中的女士比现实中的人要更漂亮。

       7. “become /get（系动词）+ 过去分词”，表示处于某一状态

       People became focused more on humans and less on religion. 人们变得更注意人类而少注意宗教了。

       真题：As we joined the big crowd, I got _____ from my friends. (全国)

       A. separated      B. spared      C. lost      D. missed

       解析：选A。got separated表示“分开”了的状态；另外separate…from是一固定短语。

       三、课文长句难句剖析

       1. There are so many different styles of Western art that it would be impossible to describe all of them in a short text.

       剖析：句中so many…that…解作“如此…以致…”，that引起结果从句；结果状语从句中的it是形式主语，从句真正的主语是不定式to describe…

       译文：有那么多不同种类的西方艺术，以致在这么短的一篇课文里要一一叙述出来是不可能的。

       2. If the rule perspective had not been discovered, people would not have been able to paint such realistic pictures.

       剖析：本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语用had not been discovered，主句谓语用would not have been able to。

       译文：如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。

       3. It’s amazing that so many great works of art from the late-19th century to the 21th century could be contained in the same museum.

       剖析：It’s amazing that.... 中，it是形式主语，that 后面的才是真正的主语。

       译文：在一个博物馆里有如此多十九世纪末到二十一世纪的有名的艺术作品是令人惊讶的。

       四、语法知识归纳

       虚拟语气在条件从句中

       1. 在虚拟条件句中，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：

       If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反)

       If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.草药要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)

       If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实相反)

       二、省略 if 的条件从句

       当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。

       Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. 如果我明天见到他，我会就问他这事。

       Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. 若他这次实验失败，他会再试。

       三、错综时间的条件句

       即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：

       1．If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

       2．If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

       四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中

       1. 记住：下面动词, 表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ,要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。这些动词后的宾语从句谓语用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。

       2. wish后接宾语从句时, 宾语从句的谓语有三种情况：

       (1)表现在时: 用过去式 (did, be用were)

       I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。

       (2)表过去时: 用过去完成式 (had done)

       He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。

       (3)表将来时: 用情态动词(would/could) + do

       I wish I could fly to the sky one day. 但愿有一天我能飞上天。

       3. 记住：insist / suggest 不同意思时，后面的从句谓语用不同的语气。

       insist 表示“坚决要求…该…\坚持认为…定要…”时，宾语从句用虚拟形式。

       insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气。

       suggest 表示“建议”时，从句用虚拟形式。suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。

       1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

       2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

       3) He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说他是对的。

       4. 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中: 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。
       I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿他明天来而不是今天来。