Unit 5 First Aid

       一、重要单词用法例析

       1. bleed vi. & vt. 流血

       Your finger is bleeding badly. 你的手指流血很多。

       比较：bleeding n. 流血；blood n. 血（液）；bloody adj. 流血的

       The medicine can be used to stop the bleeding. 该药可用于止血。

       2. poison n. & vt. 毒药，毒害，使中毒

       He tried to kill himself by taking poison. 他曾试图服毒自杀。

       Someone tried to poison our dog. 有人想毒杀我们的狗。

       3. jewellery n. 珠宝(总称)

       I bought a piece of jewellery for my girlfriend. 我为女友买了件首饰。

       辨析：jewellery是不可数名词，而jewel (珠宝)是可数名词，常用复数。

       I bought jewels for my girlfriend. 我为女友买了件首饰。

       4. protect vt. 保护……不受……

       Wear something to protect your eyes against/from the strong light. 带上些东西不让自己的眼睛受强光刺激。

       5. squeeze vt. 榨取，挤出

       The mother is squeezing an orange for her child. 母亲正给小孩榨桔子。

       6. present [ pri'zent ]vt. 给，赠送，介绍，呈现

       They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。

       My teacher presented the new comer to the others. 老师把那个新生介绍给其他人。

       比较：present [pri5zent]n. 礼物，赠品adj.在场的，出席的

       7. injury n. (pl injuries ) 伤害，损害

       They escaped from the accident with only minor injuries. 他们在事故中只为轻伤，逃过一劫。

       辨析：injury 是指意外事故中受伤；hurt是指肉体上的或精神上的伤害；wound多指刀伤。

       二、词组句型用法例析

       1. fall ill生病了

       He fell ill from cold last week. 他上周着凉病了。

       注意：fall是非延续性动词，不与时间段连用。

       译：他病了一个星期了。

       误：He has fallen ill for a week.

       正：He has been ill for a week.

       2. over and over again 反复，再三

       If you want to make a decision, you should think it over and over again. 在决定以前，你应该再三考虑。

       3. in place 适当的，在适当的位置

       She likes to have everything in place. 她喜欢每件东西都各就各位。

       I don’t think his advice is in place. 我认为他的意见不正确。

       联想：in place of sb/ sth,代替；in sb.’s place 代替，处于某人的位置；take the place of sb.代替；instead of sb/sth 代替，而不；take place 发生。

       4. a number of 大量的，许多

       A number of students have passed the examinations. 许多学生通过了考试。

       注：a number of +名词复数（大量的，许多）做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of +名词复数（……的数目）做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

       The number of people invited____ fifty, but a number of them____ absent for different reasons. (全国) 

       A. were; was   B. was; was    C. was; were     D. were; were

       解析：前者是“数量”，用单数，后者是“许多，一些”，用复数，故选C。

       5. squeeze out榨出，挤出

       The lemon looks dry to me, but you may be able to squeeze out a few drops. 那个柠檬看来已经干了，但也许你还能挤出几滴汁来。

       6. make (no, some etc) difference (有一些，没有什么)区别

       It doesn’t make any difference to me how you feel. 你怎么想对我没什么关系。

       Whether studying hard or not makes some difference to you. 努不努力学习对你来说是不同的。

       7. get +宾语+ 宾补(doing/done /to do/adj.等) 使/让某人/某物……

       He gets his sister crying all the day. 他成天使得他妹妹哭过不停。

       Can you get the machine running? 你能把这机器发动起来吗?

       You must get the work done by Friday. 你必须在星期五前把工作做完。     

       I got him to stay for the night. 我说服他留下过夜。

       The little boy got his clothes wet. 这个小男孩把衣弄湿了。

       8. There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……

       There is no doubt that we will be successful. 毫无疑问我们会成功。

       There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。

       注：that引导一个同位语从句。

       三、课文长句难句剖析

       1. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.

       剖析：本句中，There is no doubt后的同位语从句的主语John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school很长，其中that he learned at school是一个定语从名句，修饰the first aid skills。

       译文：毫无疑问，John敏捷的思维和在学校所学的急救技能救了Slade女士的命。

       2. John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.

       剖析：被动语态was presented with his award，用with短语强调被动的方式，用by短语，强调被动的执行者；整个句子中包含两个定语从句，定语从句中再包含子定语从句，which recognized the bravery of ten people 的先行词是a ceremony，而who had saved the life of another的先行词ten people。

       译文：在典礼上，John被授予奖品，该典礼是为了表彰挽救他人生命的十个人的英勇行为的。

       四、语法知识归纳

       省略

       为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称之为省略。省略的成分一般有：

       1. 主语

       (I) Beg your pardon. (我)请再说一次。

       (You ) open the window, please!请(你)开窗！

       2. 宾语

       ―Where has Tom gone? Tom哪里去了？

       ―I don’t know (where he has gone). 我不知道（他到哪里去了）。

       3. 谓语或谓语的一部分

       (Is) Anybody here? 这里有人吗？

       (Is there) Anything I can do for you? 我能帮什么忙吗？

       4. 主语和谓语，主语和谓语的一部分

       ―What do you want, Sir? 想要点什么，先生？

       ―(I want ) some coffee, please!（我想要）咖啡。

       5. 不定式to后省略动词

       ―You ought to have finished your work on time. 你应该按时完成工作。

       ―Yeah, I ought to(have finished my work on time). 是的，我应该（按时完成我的工作）。

       I want to do it for you, but I don’t know how to(do it for you). 我想帮你做，但不知道怎么样（帮你做）。

       真题：―Does your brother intend to study German?

       ―Yes, he intends______.(上海)

       A /   B to    C so    D that

       解析：表示打算做某事，intend后接不定式，故选B，to后省略了study German。