Unit 4 Wildlife protection

一、核心单词用法例析

1. endanger vt. 危害，使受到危险

Polluted air endangered our health. 废气危害我们的健康。

endangered adj. 濒危的

Many measures have been taken to save endangered wildlife in China. 在中国，已经采取了许多措施来挽救濒危的野生动物。

2. loss n. 损失，失去，输

Did you report the loss of your jewellery to the police? 你有没有把你丢失珠宝的事报告警方？

What made him unhappy was the loss of yesterday’s basketball match. 昨天比赛输了使得他不高兴。

注：suffer a loss (of)遭受损失；make up a loss弥补损失；  at a loss 亏损，不知所措，困惑

3. apply v. 申请，请求；使用，应用；涂，敷，施；有关，涉及；使专心，努力

I’ll apply for the job in your company. 我申请你们公司的这个职位。

The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。

Apply the suntan oil to your face and neck. 把太阳油涂抹在你的脸和脖子上。

What I am saying applies to some of you. 我所说的只涉及到你们中的某一些人。

You would pass your examination if you applied yourself to your study. 你努力学习就会通过考试。

注：apply to sb. for sth. 向……申请； apply oneself to 很专心于

4. suggest v. 建议；表明

May I suggest a grape wine ,sir? 先生，我可以推荐一种葡萄酒吗？

I suggested taking a taxi there. 我建议打的去那儿。

I suggest that we (should) have a trip to Beijing this summer. 我提议今年暑假我们去北京。

The smile on her face suggested that she was living a happy life. 她脸上的微笑表明她过着很幸福的生活。

注：suggest 表“建议”时（表“表明，暗示”时不是这样），它的任何一种词形所带的任何一种名词性从句中都要用虚拟语气，谓语部分用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。

The doctor suggested that she (should) not smoke. 医生建议她不应该抽烟。

The doctor made a suggestion that she (should) not smoke.

It has been suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off. 有人建议运动会延期。

真题：---How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holiday?

---I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. （2004，福建）

A. insist       B. want        C. suppose     D. suggest

解析：此题根据答语可知，问句是征求对方的建议，从句中又省略了should, 根据语意和语法，应选D。

5. contain v. 包含，装有，含有；容纳

This book contains forty maps you need. 这本书包含你所需要的四十张地图。

The hall can contain 2000 people. 这个大厅能容纳2000人。

注：区分：contain “包含，含有”；include “包括”

通过下面两句话比较including和included 的用法。

Five people were killed in the bad traffic accident, including the driver.

Five people were killed in the bad traffic accident, the driver included.

包括司机在内，有五个人在这次交通事故中丧生。

6. affect v. （=have an effect on）影响；激起悲伤、愤怒、爱等的情绪，使感动

The changes of society affect the youth. 社会变化影响着年轻一代。

The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 气候影响了降雨量。

She was deeply affected by the news of his death. 他死去的消息使他深感悲伤。

7. effect n. 影响，效果

The behaviors of the teacher have great effect on the students. 老师的举止对学生有很大的影响。

注：have/produce an effect on 对……有影响；  come into effect 生效，实施；

be of no effect 无效的，无用的 ；     side effect副作用

真题：The conference had been held to discuss the effects of tourism _____ the wildlife in the area. (2003, 上海)

A. in          B. on           C. at         D. with

解析：此题考查effect与介词on的搭配。句意：已经开会讨论了旅游业对该地区野生动物的影响。答案B。

二、词组句型用法精解

1. as a result 结果，因此（只做状语）

I was very busy. As a result, I couldn’t take care of her. 我很忙，因此，我不能照顾她。

注：as a result, 后加结果； as a result of “由于……的原因”，后加原因。

He was hurt in the accident. As a result, he was in hospital a week. 在事故中他受伤了。因此，他住院了一个星期。

He was in hospital as a result of his injuries. 他由于受伤住院了。

2. die out 死光，绝种；消失

This kind of bird is dying out. 这种鸟濒临灭绝。

Many old customs are gradually dying out. 许多旧习俗正在日渐消失之中。

注：其它短语：die of “死于（内因）”；   die from “死于（外因）”；   die off “一一死去”；

be dying for sth./ be dying to do sth.“极想，渴望做某事”

3. in danger (of) 处于危险之中

The little boy was once in danger of losing his sight. 这个小男孩曾经处于失明的危险之中。

The milu deer was once in danger of dying out. 麋鹿一度处于灭亡的危险之中。

注：区分：dangerous 与in danger

dangerous 指人、物、事态可能引起危险，对别人构成威胁。

in danger 指人或物本身处于危险之中，受到外来的威胁。

4. get dressed 穿戴起来；穿上衣服

The alarm clock woke him at five. He quickly got dressed and ate a sandwich on the way to school. 闹钟5点叫醒了他，他赶紧穿好衣服，在去学校的路上吃了一块三明治。

The captain asked his men to get dressed quickly and follow him onto the deck. 船长让手下人快速穿戴好，跟他上甲板。

注：1）dress的其他短语：dress sb./oneself “帮某人穿衣服/自己穿衣”；be dressed in +颜色 “穿着”。2）get + P.P. 表被动。类似的还有：get burnt;  get killed;  get hurt;  get dressed;  get lost,  get changed；get married；get washed等。

真题：Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____ before the party.

A. get changed    B. get change      C. get changing      D. get to change

解析：答案A. get changed “更换衣服”。

5. be used to do 被用来做……

Knife can be used to cut. 小刀能用来割东西。

Pen can be used to write. 钢笔能用来写字。

注：区分：used to do “过去常常做某事”；be/ get/ become used to doing “习惯于做某事”。

6. protect…. from…. 保护使不受……伤害

He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴着眼镜，为了使眼睛不受到强烈太阳光的刺激。

A new material was painted to protect the roof from rain. 涂上一种新材料以使屋顶防漏。

注：keep sb. from doing sth. = stop(prevent) sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事

真题：At work, I became mad when my fellow tried to _____ me from using the phone.

A. save     B. reduce      C. protect       D. stop

解析：答案D。stop sb. from doing sth. 译文：上班时，同事不让我使用电话使我发疯。

7. pay attention to 注意

Your Chinese is very good, but you’d better pay more attention to your English. 你的语文是不错的，但最好对英语多加注意。

A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment. 人们已对环境保护投入很多的注意力。

注：在该短语中to为介词，后加名词，代词，v-ing的形式，类似的短语有：look forward to盼望,期盼；pay attention to 注意；get down to开始着手；devote oneself to献身于,致力于       contribute to对…作出贡献； be used to 习惯于；object to 反对； refer to  谈到,涉及,提到,参考；

stick to 坚持；pay a visit to参观,访问

真题：She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.(1995 上海)

A. visit       B. paying a visit      C. walk in        D. walking in

答案为D. look forward to doing sth为固定短语,先排除A.C;  B项 paying a visit后须加to再加宾语,故答案为D.

8. come into being 产生，形成，成立

Do you know when the new government came into being? 你知道新的政府是何时成立的吗？

9. 特殊疑问部分+ do you think/ believe/ suppose/ expect/guess + 主谓结构?

What do you think we should do to protect wildlife? 你认为我们怎样去保护好野生动植物？

Why do you think she was late again? 你认为她为什么又迟到了？

Who do you suppose ate the cakes? 你认为是谁吃了蛋糕？

What do you guess has happened to him? 你认为他发生了什么事情？

三、课文长句难点剖析

The tour companies applied to be allowed to hunt some for a fee, which made a lot of money for the farmers.

剖析：apply to do sth. 申请做某事； which在此句引导非限制性定语从句。

译文：旅游公司提出申请，希望获准做有偿捕猎，这样农民就可以赚很多钱。

四、语法知识归纳梳理——被动语态（三）

被动语态的几个需要特别注意的地方：

1.“get + 过去分词”结构也可以表被动。

The boy got hurt on his way to school.这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。

These cleaners got paid by the month. 清洁工人按月拿工资。

He got caught in the heavy rain on his way home. 在回家的路上他被困在大雨中了。

类似的还有：get burnt; get killed; get hurt;  get dressed; get lost, get changed, get married, get washed等。

2. 有部分动词接双宾语，那么变为被动语态时也有两种形式。

I passed him a new book. 我递给他一本书。

被动：A new book was passed to him (by me). 或He was passed a new book (by me).

可以这样用的动词有：give, hand, show, teach, send, pass等。

3. 有些 “动词 + 介词/副词”构成的固定动词短语，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性，不可分开。

We should take good care of the old and the children. 我们应该照顾好老人和小孩。

被动：The old and the children should be taken good care of.

This matter will be looked into in the future. 这件事将来是要查明的。

4. 但是有些由“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词，其结构较松散，变成被动语态时也可以将名词和其后的介词拆开。

They make good use of the library. 他们充分利用图书馆。

被动：Good use is made of the library. 这个图书馆的利用率很高。

5. 英语中，有些动词接不带to的不定式做宾补，但是当他们变为被动语态时，要把to 加上去。

The boss made them work twelve hours every day. 老板让他们每天工作十二小时。

被动：They were made to work twelve hours every day.

类似的接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词还有：let, have, see, notice, watch, listen to, hear, observe, feel等。