Unit 1 Cultural relics

一、重点单词用法例析

1．survive v. 幸存，生还；保存；比……活得长

Few survived after the flood. 洪水之后很少有人幸存下来。

He survived his wife by many years. 他比他妻子长寿很多年。

The customs still survives.风俗习惯仍然还保留着。

注：动词变名词 survive—survival   arrive—arrival   refuse—refusal   propose—proposal 

2.       remain vi. 留下；保持；仍是

 I went to the city, and my brother remained at home. 我去了城里，弟弟留在家里。

 During the terrifying storm, the captain remained calm. 在狂风暴雨中，船长平静如故。

注：remain 与stay 都有停留之意，但是remain强调保持原来的形状或状态。

真题：After twenty years, Peter became a judge, but John _____ a fisherman.

A. stayed          B. remained         C. got          D. turned

解析: 此处强调保持原来的状态，故选B.

3.       design v &n 设计，计划，筹划

A machine of poor design will not sell well. 机器设计得不好就会不好销。

He is designing a perfect crime. 他在筹划犯罪。

The author has designed a good end in the novel. 作者已经为这部小说设计了一个较好的结尾。

注：by design(反：by accident/chance) 故意地，蓄意地；  in design 在设计上

have designs on sth. 打……的鬼主意；图谋得到某物

真题：The suspension bridge _____ by the end of last month. (上海)

A. has been designed   B. had been designed   C. was designed    D. would be designed

解析：by the end of last month “到上个月末为止”，用过去完成时，故选B。

4.       wonder n.&v. 奇迹，惊奇；想知道，感到惊讶

The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the world. 长城是世界七大奇观之一。

I wonder if you can help me. 不知您是否能帮我的忙。

注：in wonder 惊奇地       (It’s) no/little/small wonder (that)…. 难怪……

真题：He hasn’t slept at all for three days. _____ he is tired out. (05 湖北)

A. There is no point    B. There is no need    C. It is no wonder    D. It is no way

解析：A项“没有意义”；B项“没有必要”；C项“难怪，怪不得”；D项“没门，办不到”。根据题意选C。

5.       consider vt. 考虑，打算；认为

I am considering buying a new car. 我正考虑买一辆新车。

He considers himself an expert on the subject. 他认为自己是这门学科的专家。

注：consider doing sth. 考虑做某事； consider…as…= consider…to be…认为……是……

真题：Don’t _____ the students do in their spare time as something unimportant.(05,浙江)

A. regard that      B. treat what      C. consider what       D. think that

解析：答案：C. consider….as….“把……看作”，全句意：不要认为学生在课余时间所做的不重要。

6.       prove vt&link-v 证明，证实；证明是，结果是

It has been proved that pride goes before a fall. 事实证明骄必败。

The book has proved most useful. 这本书证明是十分有用的。

注：prove作为连系动词不用于被动语态。

7. besides adv.& prep 此外（=what’s more）; 除……之外还。

I don’t really want to go. Besides, it’s too late now. 我并不真的想去。而且，现在也太晚了。

We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。

注：区分：except “除……外”； besides“除……外，还有”；beside “在……旁边”。

二、词组句型用法例析

1.       look into 调查，审查；朝里面看，注视

A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。

He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。

注：相关短语：look around环顾四周    look after照顾，照看    look down on/upon 瞧不起   look forward to 盼望，期盼  look through浏览   look out当心    look up 抬头看，查看

2.       belong to 属于；为……中的一员或一部分

This book belongs to me. 这本书是属于我的。

注：belong to 不可用于被动语态或进行时。

3.       do with 处理，处置

I don’t know what to do with all the food that’s left over.我不知道怎样处理所有这些剩饭剩菜。

What have you done with my umbrella? 你把我的伞弄到哪里去了？

注：do with与疑问词what连用；deal with与疑问词how连用。

4.       in search of 寻找……

She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 她进了厨房，想找点喝的。

注：search for sth. 找寻某物； search….for….在……找寻

They searched the whole house for the map. 他们搜遍了整座房子找那张地图。

5.       in return 作为报答

I wish I could do something for you in return. 我希望我能为你做点什么作为报答。

注：in return for sth. 作为对……的回报  

Can I buy you lunch in return for your help? 感谢你的帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？

6.       serve as当，担任，充当

He served as a captain in the army. 他曾是一名陆军上尉。

When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve as a blanket. 在野外睡觉时，旧报纸可当毛毯用。

注：类似的短语：work as 当……；act as担任……的职务。

真题：We went to Canada to travel and my cousin ____ as our guide. （05，湖南）

  A. played           B. showed                    C. acted                D. performed

解析：答案：C. act as 充当，担任。

7.       at war处于战争状态

在此短语中，介词at 表示状态或动作。类似的短语还有：

at peace 处于和平状态     at rest 静止     at work 在上班     at breakfast在吃早饭      at table 在吃饭             at school 在上学

8.       agree with同意某人的看法、观点或说的话；与……保持一致；（气候，食物等）适合某人

I don’t quite agree with what you said. 我不完全同意你所说的。

What he said didn’t agree with what he did. 他言行不一致。

The climate here didn’t agree with me. 这儿的气候不适合于我。

注：agree on sth. 就……达成一致意见；agree to sth. 同意计划，建议，安排等。

9.It’s + adj. / n. + inf.(不定式)

在此句型中，it是形式主语，后面的inf.（不定式）才是真正的主语。

It’s dangerous to swim in the river. 在这条河里游泳是危险的。

It’s your job to look into any reports of cultural relics that have been found in China.调查在中国发现的文化遗产是你的工作。

10.There is no doubt that…. 毫无疑问。。。。。。

There is no doubt that we can win the first place in the basketball match. 毫无疑问，这次篮球比赛我们能获得第一名。

注：doubt在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether从句；在否定句中跟that从句。

There is no doubt that….;  I have no doubt that….; I don’t doubt that ….;

There is some doubt whether/if….; I have some doubt whether/if….; I doubt whether/if ….

真题：Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.(05广东)

A. which        B. what         C. that           D. whether

解析：There is no doubt that….表示肯定意义，故选C。

三、课文长唏难点剖析

1.       Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such a strange history.

剖析：can/could not(never) have done 可用于对过去的情况进行否定的推测。若要表示对过去的情况进行肯定的推测，用must have done.

译文：普鲁士国王威廉一世当时绝不会想到他带给俄罗斯人们的伟大礼物会有如此奇怪的历史。

2.       Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.

剖析：when heated 是when it is heated 的省略形式。在英语中，如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语中有be动词，可将主句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。

译文：尽管它摸上去像石头一样硬，加热后却很容易融化。

四、语法知识归纳——定语从句

1．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1）限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句的关系代词常可省略。如：

Do you remember the teacher who taught us English in middle school?你还记得中学时教我们英语的老师吗？

He has found the book that he was looking for. 他已经找到了刚刚他正在找的那本书。

2） 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉主句意思仍然完整。这种定语从句和主句之间常常用逗号隔开，一般不用that 引导。非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略。

Each cultural period gives its own meaning to an art form, which cannot be copied. Chinese wooden furniture is a good example. 每一个文化时期都有它自己的艺术形式，而且不能被复制。中国的木制家具就是一个好例子。

Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰到了李平，他看起来很忙。

    注：限制性定语从句一般指修饰先行词，而非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个句子。

She failed the exam again, which made her mother very angry. 她考试又没及格，这使得她的妈妈非常生气。（which代替前面整个句子。）

2．下列情况用that 不用which.

1）当先行词本身是不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little等时。

Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？

2）当先行词被不定代词little, much, few, all, any, some 等修饰时。

I’m not interested in any books that you bought here. 对你在这儿买的书我不感兴趣。

3）当先行词被序数词修饰时。

The first thing that we should do at present is to study. 目前我们最应该做的事情是学习。

4）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

It is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的最好的影片之一。

5）当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the first 修饰时。

    Is this the very book that you are looking for? 这正是你要找的那本书吗？

6）当先行词既指人又指物时。

They often talk about the persons and the things that they can remember. 他们常常谈起他们所能够记得的人和事。