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| 新课标人教版板块1unit1mp3 | |||||
作者:佚名 英语学习栏目来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2006-9-5 ![]() |
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冠词常见考点归纳 一、a与an的用法区别 a用于辅音前;an用于元音前。一般说来,元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音。 【真题再现】Have you ever seen ______ tree as tall as this one? (1985全国) A. a B. such C. an D. / 解析:表示一类事物中的任一个用不定冠词,又因tree以辅音[t]开头(也是以辅音字母开头)用a。句意是:“你曾见过与这棵树一样高的树吗?”答案是A。 但需请注意以下3点: (1) 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词 hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用an。 【真题再现】I have been waiting for him for ______hour and a half. (1980全国) A. the B. a C. an D. whole 解析:表示数量“一”用不定冠词,又因hour以元音开头,故用an。答案是C。 (2) 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用a。 【真题再现】Five years ago her brother was _____university student of _____physics. (1990上海) A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; / 解析:因为university是以辅音[j]开头的要用a,排除B和C;physics是学科名词,前面不用冠词。答案是D。 (3) 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题 在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的。 【真题再现】Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _____”m” here. (1989上海) A. an B. the C. / D. a 解析:因为字母m的发音是以元音[e]开头的,所以用an;这里的an的意义与one相当,表示“一个”。答案是A。 二、不定冠词的主要用法 1. 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前,表示泛指某类人或事物中的一个,意为“一个/位/座/项/段/次……”。a用在辅音前,而an用在元音前。 【真题再现】(1)-Have you seen ______pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it ______black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (1997全国) A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 解析:两空都指一类事物中的一个,句意分别是“你看到过一支钢笔吗?”“是一支黑色的钢笔吗?”答案是D。 (2)—Where is my blue shirt? —It's in the washing machine. You have to wear ______different one. (2003春) A. any B. the C. a D. other 解析:表示不得不穿另一件衬衣,故用不定冠词。答案是C。 (3)An accident happened at ______crossroads a few metres away from ______bank. (2003上海) A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; / 解析:句子大意是:“在离某个银行几米远的一个交叉路口发生了一起事故。”注意bank和crossroads都是单数可数名词。答案是A。 (4)The A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 解析:两者都是指某类事物中的一个。句意是:威尔逊一家住在海岸附近的一座A形的房子里;那是一座17世纪时建的别墅。答案是D。 (5)There was _____time _____I hated to go to school. (2004湖北) A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when 解析:前者指“一段时间”用a time;后者是定语从句,代表先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语,用when引导。答案是B。 (6)In ______ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of ______heart disease by 76%. (2006湖南) A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a 解析:表示“一项调查”,用不定冠词a;heart disease前通常不用冠词。答案是C。 2. 表示“(数量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”。 【真题再现】(1)I earn 10 dollars ______hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an; a D. an; the 解析:前者表示“每一(小时)”用不定冠词,又因hour以元音开头,用an;后者是在表示职业身份的单数可数名词前,用不定冠词a。答案是C。 (2)There's ______ dictionary on ______ desk by your side. (2003京春) A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 解析:前者表示“有一本词典”用a;后者是特指“你旁边的那张桌子”用the。答案是A。 (3)For a long time they walked without saying _____word. Jim was the first to break _____silence. (2004湖南) A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 解析:without saying a word(没有说一句话)中的a表示数量“一”。the silence是特指前面提到的这种沉默。答案是B。 (4)Mrs. Tailor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting -she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江) A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a 解析:前空表示数量一用不定冠词,因8的读音是以元音开头的,用an;后空have a gift for (有……天赋)是固定搭配。答案是C。 3. 用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前。 【真题再现】When he left _____college, he got a job as _____reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津) A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the ; the 解析:leave college意为“大学毕业”;在as后表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词。答案是A。 三、定冠词的主要用法 1. 定冠词the的基本用法,即表示特指,相当于this(这), that(那), these(这些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到过的人或事物,或者双方都知道的人或事物。 【真题再现】(1)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ______. (2004四川) A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 解析:price特指双方都知道的某个价格。句意是:如果你买10个以上,他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士。答案是C。 (2)_____on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _____major concern of the country. (2004北京) A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填 解析:因为division后有介词短语between…and…的限制,这是特指的,所以要用the;又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词,表示“这个国家所关切的一件大事”,所以前面要用不定冠词。答案是B。 (3)On ______ news today, there were ______ reports of heavy snow in that area. (2004春) A. the; the B. the;不填 C.不填;不填 D. 不填;the 解析:前者是特指今天的消息,用the,排除选项C和D;在there be结构后的名词前通常不用the。答案是B。 (4)If you grow up in _____ large family, you are more likely to develop _____ ability to get on well with ______ others. (2005江西) A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the 解析:第一空是单数可数名词表示泛指用不定冠词a;第二空后的不定式作定语表示特指用the;第三空是复数表示泛指,不用冠词。答案是B。 (5)—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. —You shouldn’t put drinks near ________ computer. (2006北京) A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 解析:前者是特指谈话双方心里都知道的键盘,用the;后者是泛指任何一台电脑,用a。答案是B。 (6)Don’t worry if you can’t come to ______ party. ——I’ll save ______ cake for you. (2006浙江) A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little 解析:前面的party是特指双方心目中都知道的那个晚会,用the,排除B和D;因在肯定句中,用而不用,排除C。答案是A。 2. 用于“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的”那一个人或事物。 【真题再现】(1)Which is _____country, Canada or Australia? (1992全国) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 解析:表示“(两个国家中)较大的那一个国家”,用the,答案是D。注意若去掉句中的country,则应选B。 (2)If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ____. (1995上海) A. good B. the best C. better D. the better 解析:表示“(在这两者人中)John是较好的那一个”,用the better,答案是D。 (3)Of the two sisters, Betty is ______ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) 3. 用于介词短语中的方位名词前。 【真题再现】Summer in _____south of France is for ______most part dry and sunny. (2000京春) A. /, a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the 解析:在带介词的方位名词前用the;for the most part (多半,大部分时间)是固定词组,答案是D。但在没有介词的方位名词前,不用冠词。如: We stood at the top of the mountain _____east of the city, watching _____burning sun rising. A. 不填;a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填;the 解析:east of前没有介词,不用the;sun前一般用the,但有形容词修饰时,用a表示“一个……样的太阳”。答案是A。 4. 用于最高级形容词或副词前。 【真题再现】(1)-Where’s ______nearest bookstore? -There’s one at _____ end of the street. (2000上海春) A. the; an B. a; the C. the; the D. a; an 解析:前者是最高级形容词前用the;后者at the end of(在……的尽头或末尾)是固定词组。答案是C。 (2)Of all ______reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ______ most important one. (2006辽宁) A. the; a B. 不填;a C. 不填; the D. the; the 解析:前者是表示特指,用the;由前面的of all…表示范围,可知后者是最高级,也用the。答案是D。 5. 用于play后的西洋乐器名词前。 【真题再现】(1)Alice is fond of playing ______piano while Henry is intersted in listening to ______music. (1989全国) A. (不填);the B. (不填); (不填) C. the; (不填) D. the; the 解析:前者是play后西洋乐器名词piano前习惯上用the;抽像名词music是不可数名词,不是特指时不用冠词。答案是C。 (2)After watching _____TV, she played ______violin for an hour. (1991全国) A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析:play(弹,演奏)后接的西洋乐器violin前要用the;watch TV是习惯说法,不用冠词。答案是D。 注意:在象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前,就不用冠词。 6. 用于“the +逢十的复数基数词”前表示年代。 【真题再现】It is not rare in _____that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 解析:表示在几十年代,用“the+逢十的复数基数词”,排除选项A和C;表示在某人几十多岁时,用“one’s+逢十的复数基数词”。答案是D。 7. 用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”(越……就越……)句型中。 【真题再现】It is believed that _____ you work, _____result you'll get. (1993上海) A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better 解析:由句式“the+比较级,the+比较级”可判断答案是A。 8. 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位,意为“按/以……(卖/租/付款)”,常与buy, sell, rent, charge等动词连用。 【真题再现】As a rule, the workers are paid ______.(2004上海春) A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours 解析:表示工人的工资“按小时付”用by the hour。答案是A。 注意:在by weight(按重量)中不用the。 9. 用于“动词+人+ | |||||